ABSTRACT
The great challenge to prevent transmission makes widespread of respiratory infectious diseases easily occur. Intranasal immunization is considered to be a promising route of vaccination to prevent it. Different from parenteral vaccines, intranasal vaccines can induce mucosal immune in respiratory tracts in addition to systemic immune, which provide the first line of defense against respiratory pathogen infection and further prevent transmission. Safe and effective intranasal spray flu vaccines have been licensed. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, intranasal administration has been applied in different vaccine platforms. This article has reviewed the progress of intranasal vaccines for respiratory infectious diseases that have been licensed or are under evaluation in the clinical trials, meanwhile discusses its unique advantages and challenges faced. © 2023, Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The great challenge to prevent transmission makes widespread of respiratory infectious diseases easily occur. Intranasal immunization is considered to be a promising route of vaccination to prevent it. Different from parenteral vaccines, intranasal vaccines can induce mucosal immune in respiratory tracts in addition to systemic immune, which provide the first line of defense against respiratory pathogen infection and further prevent transmission. Safe and effective intranasal spray flu vaccines have been licensed. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, intranasal administration has been applied in different vaccine platforms. This article has reviewed the progress of intranasal vaccines for respiratory infectious diseases that have been licensed or are under evaluation in the clinical trials, meanwhile discusses its unique advantages and challenges faced.Copyright © 2023, Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.